Android Activity、Intent系列(一) - 萬用的Intent(意圖)

一般人都知道Intent(意圖)是用來幫Activity傳遞參數用的，但如果你的觀念只停留在

Intent只能用來傳遞參數用那就大錯特錯了，下面介紹怎麼使用萬能的Intent幫我們

簡單的就能做很多的事情了。


Activity跳轉-無參數時

Intent it = new Intent(Activity1.this, Activity2.class);
startActivity(it); 

Activity跳轉-有參數時

Intent it = new Intent(Activity1.this, Activity2.class);
Bundle bundle=new Bundle();
bundle.putString("ID", "This is Activity1 message!");
it.putExtras(bundle);
startActivity(it);  

參數接取方的資料處理程式碼

Bundle bundle=getIntent().getExtras();
String name=bundle.getString("ID");

向上一個Activity返回結果

Intent intent=getIntent();
Bundle bundle=new Bundle();
bundle.putString("ID", "This is from Activity2!");
intent.putExtras(bundle);
setResult(RESULT_OK, intent);

返回結果的處理函數

@Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if (requestCode==REQUEST_CODE){
            if(resultCode==RESULT_CANCELED)
                  setTitle("cancle");
            else if (resultCode==RESULT_OK) {
                 String temp=null;
                 Bundle bundle=data.getExtras();
                 if(bundle!=null)   temp=bundle.getString("ID");
                 setTitle(temp);
            }
        }
    }

瀏覽網頁

Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://jim690701.blogspot.tw/");  
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);  
startActivity(it);

顯示地圖

//輸入經緯度座標呼叫地圖
Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476");  
 Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);   
 startActivity(it); 

路徑規劃

Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en");  
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);  
startActivity(it); 

撥打電話

//注意：使用撥號必須在AndroidManifest.xml 中，加上
//<uses-permission id="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" /> 

//呼叫撥號程序
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:0800000123");  
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);  
startActivity(it); 

//直接撥號
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:0800000123");  
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, uri);  
startActivity(it);  

寄送SMS/MMS簡訊

//呼叫簡訊程序 
   Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);  
   it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");   
   it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");  
   startActivity(it); 

   //傳送簡訊 
   Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto://0800000123");  
   Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);  
   it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");  
   startActivity(it); 

  //傳送MMS彩訊  
   //取得手機內圖片連結
   Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23");  
   Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 
   //簡訊主題  
   it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text");   
   it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);  
   it.setType("image/png");   
   startActivity(it); 

傳送E-mail

//呼叫mail程序
Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com");  
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);  
startActivity(it); 


//簡易寄送E-mail
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);  
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com");  
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");  
it.setType("text/plain");  
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 


//一般寄送E-mail
Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);    
String[] tos={"me@abc.com"};    
String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"};
//主要寄送對象    
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);    
//cc對象
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);    
//Email內容
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");  
//Email主題  
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");    
it.setType("message/rfc822");    
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "選擇電子郵件客戶端"));


//寄送附件
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);  
//Email主題  
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); 
//附件 
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3");
//檔案格式  
sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");  
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "選擇電子郵件客戶端"));

播放多媒體

//播放手機內的MP3
Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3");  
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);  
it.setType("audio/mp3");  
startActivity(it); 

//播放內存的第一個鈴聲
Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");  
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);  
startActivity(it);

google play應用

//尋找某個應用
Uri uri = Uri.parse("https://play.google.com/store/search?q=jim.memorandum"); 
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);  
startActivity(it);  
//https://play.google.com/store/search?q=這段都一樣
//主要是q後面的搜尋條件，可以是package也可以是名稱


//顯示某個應用的相關信息 
Uri uri = Uri.parse("https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=jim.memorandum");  
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); 
startActivity(it);  
//https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=這段都一樣
//主要是id後面的package

Uninstall應用程式

//反安裝必須知道package name
Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null); 
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri);   
startActivity(it); 

讀取QR Code
叫用條碼掃描器

Intent intent = new Intent("com.google.zxing.client.android.SCAN");//開啟條碼掃描器
intent.putExtra("SCAN_MODE", "QR_CODE_MODE");//設定QR Code參數
startActivityForResult(intent, 1);//要求回傳1，回傳值可以自由設定

接收掃描後的回傳值

protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
 
     if (requestCode == 1) { //startActivityForResult回傳值，回傳值是由叫用時帶入的設定
         if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
             String contents = data.getStringExtra("SCAN_RESULT");//取得QR Code內容
          txt_hello.setText(contents);//顯示儲存值
  }
            }
 }

後記：

看完以上的Intent應用是不是覺得Intent可以用到的地方還真不少吧

我個人是覺得Intent超好用的需要什麼都可以用Intent去呼叫就好，

簡單又能節省程式碼，以上是對萬用Intent的介紹，謝謝。